The Official New Mexico State Fish

Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)

Oncorhynchus clarkii, commonly known as the Rio Grande cutthroat trout, is a fascinating species that holds a special place in the heart of New Mexico. This fish is not only the state fish of New Mexico, but it is also the only native trout species in the state. It is a member of the salmon family and can be found in the cool, clear streams and rivers of the Rio Grande Basin.

What sets the Rio Grande cutthroat trout apart from other trout species is its unique appearance. It has a distinct reddish-orange slash mark under its jaw, giving it its name "cutthroat." It also has vibrant pink and red markings along its sides and a golden belly, making it a beautiful fish to behold. Its average size ranges from 6-12 inches, but it can grow up to 18 inches in length.

Aside from its striking appearance, the Rio Grande cutthroat trout also has an interesting life cycle. It typically spawns in the early summer, with females laying their eggs in gravel beds. The eggs will hatch in about 2-3 weeks, and the young fish will stay in the stream for 2-3 years before migrating to larger bodies of water.

The Rio Grande cutthroat trout holds great cultural and historical significance in New Mexico. It has been a vital food source for indigenous peoples and early settlers in the region. However, due to overfishing and habitat destruction, the population of this species declined significantly. In 1947, it was declared extinct in New Mexico, but a small population was found in a remote stream in the state in 1951. This discovery sparked efforts to protect and restore the species, leading to its designation as the official state fish of New Mexico in 1955.

Today, the Rio Grande cutthroat trout remains a symbol of the state's natural beauty and resilience. It serves as a reminder of the importance of conservation and preservation of native species. Efforts are still ongoing to protect and restore its population, making it a species worth celebrating and protecting for generations to come.

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